The Unknown Saga Men Of Icelandic Family Sagas - 1738 Words

The unknown saga-men of Icelandic Family Sagas who wrote in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries utilized a plethora of writing techniques to portray the lives of native Icelanders from roughly 930 to 1030. Throughout this period, Family Sagas progressed from choppy, scattered life stories to literary masterpieces laced with dark humor and adventure. However, sagas sometimes stray from the truth due to the saga-men’s tendencies to romanticize the past, use interstitial expansion, and edit manuscripts to fit Christian morals. Written in the 9th and 10th centuries (and put together in the 13th century) The Book of Settlements is an important reference for all sagas about to be discussed. It takes place during the age of settlement (870 to†¦show more content†¦The organization of Olaf’s saga is loosely additive in the fact that none of the chapters seem to lead to each other and chapters are often repeated. Such as chapters 37 and 55 where it is the same story of king Olaf slapping a queen, but in one he does so because she wouldn’t convert to Christianity, and in the other he does so because he was caught giving her a false gold arm band. This seemingly accidental repetition and misplacement of narratives could have happened for a variety of reasons, but the most likely is that since Oddr wrote the saga as he interviewed people, he would be forced to put narratives pertaining to earlier stories at the end of the manuscript because there was no way for him to â€Å"copy and pasteâ₠¬  and add it to the beginning. Since all chapters after 25 were written from solely oral accounts, interstitial expansion plagues the Saga to the point that it is hard to tell what actually happened and what is completely made up, for example the scene where Olaf gets married in Winland probably never even happened. Usually after demonic or paranormal activities are mentioned, Oddr interludes to write in his own thoughts. An example of this happening is in chapter 43 when Odin appears to Olaf. Oddr feels it necessary to comment his own thoughts due to the monostatic lens that he has, because he is after all a monk writing in a monastery. When he writes about paranormal events he feels the need to let his audience know that he doesn’t believeShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Fictional Account of Early Iceland1573 Words   |  7 Pagesof saga writing in Iceland are largely matters for speculation. A common pastime on Icelandic farms, from the 12th century down to modern times, was the reading aloud of stories to entertain the household, known as sagnaskemmtun (saga entertainment). It seems to have replaced the traditional art of storytelling (Hermann Palsson, pg. 1). Njals Saga uses Old Icelandic writing convention and historical data to give a fictional account of a generations lifestyle and struggles. Icelandic literatureRead MoreRepresentations Of Women And Women1539 Words   |  7 PagesScandinavian graves can be found, from Iceland to Russia, yet she is hesitant about presenting this as evidence of female participation in Viking raids. She says, â€Å"In spite of the archaeological evidence that women from Scandinavia accompanied the men who went trading and adventuring in the east, we are never told this in the written sources.† However, what written sources do contain is a picture of how medieval writers viewed the Viking Age through a gendered bias. Jesch analyzes the HistoryRead More A Comparison of Beowulf and Icelandic Sagas Essay1938 Words   |  8 PagesBeowulf and Icelandic Sagas  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are many similarities between the hero of the poem Beowulf and the heroes of the two Icelandic sagas, The Saga of The Volsungs and The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki. The former saga is an Icelandic saga representing oral traditions dating back to the fourth and fifth centuries, when Attila the Hun was fighting on the northern fringes of the Roman Empire; the latter is an Icelandic saga representing 1000 years of oral traditions prior to theRead MorePowerful Women and Submissive Women in Njals Saga and the Bible1663 Words   |  7 Pagesas subservient to men while being expected to behave mildly and submissively. The New Testament makes no exception. The Apostle Paul explains that through Christ, women are absolved of constraints that the social hierarchy imposes on them, but he later goes on to explain that even in Christ a religious hierarchy still exists. By acknowledging that women are inferior to men in both the social and religious circles, Paul presents women as subordinates. This contrasts with Njal’s Saga. Through the saga’sRead More A Comparison of Women in Beowulf, Widsith and Icelandic Sagas4023 Words   |  17 PagesWomen in Beowulf , Widsith and Icelandic Sagas  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Are women in these poems active equals of the men? Or are they passive victims of the men? The roles of the women in Beowulf, Widsith, The Saga of The Volsungs, and the Saga of King Hrolf Kraki are not always stereotyped ones of passive homemaker and childbearer and peaceweaver, but sometimes ones giving freedom of choice, range of activity, and opportunity for personal growth and development.    Let us first ofRead MoreThe Economy Of The Norse Peoples1483 Words   |  6 Pagesseafaring trade for valued luxury goods from continental Europe. Economics were deeply intertwined with social practices of the time. Kin groups functioned as economic units. Members of the community often relied upon one another. The Haensa-Thorir’s Saga is an example of close knit socioeconomic community struggling to preserve the health of their pastorally based economy upon the backdrop of a poor harvest as a result of famine. The Nordic people established extensive trade networks that transverseRead MoreDiscovering Vinland in a Viking Age2002 Words   |  8 Pagesprinted-image, the U.S. commemorative stamp issued on October 9, 1968, named â€Å"Leif Erikson Day†, his gallant shape along with his double-edged sword and rhombus shield, we can tell that Eriksson was the man and legendary explorer who sailed toward an unknown region for his dream. Unlike most medieval kingships and emperors, Eriksson was a tough man whose historical figure vividly portrayed Viking cultures. More importantly, it represented another type of medieval leadership with an immortalized imageRead MoreHAMLET AND ORESTES10421 Words   |  42 Pagesmy own tentative answer to the problem, underlie them. I will only mention that One friend has assured it me has received in private two criticisms. knew it before another that every one ; has observed that most learned men, sooner or later, go a little : ANNUAL SHAKESPEARE LECTURE, 4 mad on some subject or other, and that I am 1914 just about the right age to begin. My subject is the study of two great tragic characters, Hamlet and Orestes

The United States Government - 1309 Words

Brianna Winn Mr. Smith English 111 18 May 2016 Fact or Fiction The United States government was formed to create a democracy fit for the idea that they would be considered â€Å"land of the free.† Unfortunately, throughout the history of several world wide events, the intentions of the â€Å"forefathers† have strayed to manipulate events and people. The government has been accused for many past years of lying when main events strike the nation causing many tragedies as well as causing emotional anguish on the world. Many claims of false accusations are typically only made public after several years of sealed documents and evidence are put away, which indeed could be a conspiracy of its own. Conspiracies have been made throughout the course of many years for just about any event that occurs around the world. Conspiracies can vary anywhere from ludicrous to factual, there has been specific verifiable evidence to suggest that the events, 9/11, JFK assassination, and Gulf of Tonkin, as told, are not completely accurate . September 9, 2001, one of the most tragic events to strike the U.S, killing over two thousand people and injuring more than six thousand others. It is believed that Osama Bin Laden, the founder of al-Qaeda, is the leader behind the 9/11 attacks on the twin towers. Just months after the attack on the twin towers, Truthers, considered to be conspiracy theorists who dispute the mainstream account of the 9/11 attacks, have widely spread within the last 14 years with overShow MoreRelatedThe Government Of The United States Government Essay910 Words   |  4 PagesMadison Cissell MSU 176 Symposium Primary: United States Government Secondary: Tourism The United States government is the federal government of the America’s fifty states, as well as one capital district, and several other territories. The federal government is composed of three distinct branches: legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are settled by the U.S. Constitution in Congress, our President, and the federal courts (including the Supreme Court). The powers of these branches areRead MoreUnited States Government And The Government3865 Words   |  16 Pages United States government is established by the constitution. United States is a federal republic country. The government consists of a federal power led by the president. There are state governments to assist in the decision makings by the federal government. United States federal government is divided into three different branches. The constitution allows a separation of power among the government. Legislative branch creates laws. They also have the ability to declare war on other countriesRead MoreGovernment And The United States Government1869 Words   |  8 PagesGovernment has been a necessity for man for as long as recorded history, and this is because mankind cannot effectively regulate themselves. In the words of James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, â€Å"If men were angels, no government would be necessary† (51). That is not the case in today s society, nor will it ever be under those circumstances. Since government is vital to the success of the country as a whole, what way, size, or fashion would be the most efficient and beneficial to the people? TheRead MoreThe United States Federal Government942 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States federal government should limit the influx of refugees into the United States. Currently, three different entities oversee the United States Refugee Admissions Program. These entities are the Bureau of Population, Refugees, a nd Migration, which falls under the Department of State, The Office of Refugee Resettlement, which is headed up by the Department of Health and Human Services, and select offices within the Department of Homeland Security. U.S. Citizenship and Immigration ServicesRead MoreFederal Government And The United States1498 Words   |  6 Pages Federal Government The United States of America government is called the federal government and is the republic of the fifty states which constitute the United States. It also constitutes the capital districts and several other territories. Now the government is made up of three different branches and they are the Executive, Legislature, and the Judicial. Those powers are all vested by the US constitution which is in the congress, the president, and also the federal court that also includesRead MoreThe Government Authority Of The United States1558 Words   |  7 PagesWhen one looks at federalism throughout the United States, do most think that it is still relevant to this day? Some think that it has remained consistent since the passing of the Constitution. But some people in today’s society think that the government authority that is supposed to be shared between the national and local governments is starting to be overpowered by federal law and local and state governments are not getting t he rights promised to them years ago when the Constitution was passedRead MoreThe Net Government Of The United States1300 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In the book The Net Government of the United States by Donald F. Kettl is an inspiring and at times radical look at our government and its day to day attributes to our society. The ways in which the government operates and the agencies it employs are examined through and through. The author makes many arguments for their failures and against the system itself. This all leads to an opinion and analysis of a way to fix the system. The power of the government to make decisions should be purelyRead MoreThe National Government Of The United States1445 Words   |  6 PagesThe National Government of the United States of America consists of three branches. These branches of government, which include the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch, separate the government s power into a form of checks and balances. The system of checks and balances has been set in place to allow the three branches to limit the power of the other branches, this way, no branch is more po werful than the others. Each of these three branches of government will be furtherRead MoreThe United States And The Federal Government1057 Words   |  5 Pagesemploying over one hundred and fifty eight million in the year 2011 were in the workforce based on the United States, Bureau of Labor Statistics a federal agencies reporting to the Office of Personal Management, known as the federal government. The federal government is a perfect snapshot of how four different generations collaborate and work together, supporting and running our federal government. I think about 911 quite often; my company lost eleven victims was in the office at the World TradeRead MoreThe United States Federal Government1162 Words   |  5 Pagesis the reason why elections entitle an ordinary resident; it allows people to influence the future policies of the government, and people’s future. The United States relies on a complex system of government, where the national government is central but state and local governments utilize control over affairs that are not meant for the federal government. State and local governments have varying degrees of independence in how the organize elections within their jurisdiction, but they hold frequent

Myspace vs. Facebook Free Essays

Comments, pictures, â€Å"about me† section, and last login date are a few of many things one can choose to show or keep hidden on his or her profile. Namespace allows its user to choose songs to post on their profile. This means the user has the ability to create an infinite amount of song playbills for friends to listen to while visiting his or her profile page. We will write a custom essay sample on Myspace vs. Facebook or any similar topic only for you Order Now Namespace also supplies Its user with a personal homepage aside from a profile page. This Is In turn helpful because it allows the user to check messages, notifications, and picture comments. Namespace has simple and â€Å"to he point† privacy settings as compared to Faceable. The user may choose to allow everyone to view his or her profile, or Just his or her friends. This same rule Is applied to picture album access. Namespace also tends to aim its site towards teenagers by providing its users with a cornucopia of gaming applications like â€Å"Mafia Wars† and â€Å"Sorority Life†, and allowing its user to find friends by high school name. A major downfall regarding the Namespace site is its inability to limit the number of friends a user can have; he or she may have two million friends and up which can be Mathew overwhelming to the account holder. Namespace carries a lot of spam on its site as well. On any occasion, a user’s inbox can be filled with unnecessary messages from anonymous people. One of the most problematic Issues with Namespace Is the fact that It Is extremely easy for one’s account to get fished; or hacked. By simply opening a message, a Namespace user’s account may become hacked or encounter a harmful virus. Faceable, a second and recently more popular social networking site, delivers the same purpose as Namespace but differs in certain aspects. A Faceable user has no actual â€Å"profile†. He or she is provided with one page that is seen by friends. The user has a comment wall that displays recent activity which cannot be customized. Faceable allows its user to post â€Å"What’s On Your Mind? † in the form of status updates. Unlike Namespace, Passbook’s page design is the same for everyone, meaning that nothing on a user’s page can be customized or tweaked to his or her own specifications. Faceable also has an over abundance of applications as well as unnecessary groups one can Join. The user may add as many applications as he or she wants, and can Join groups like † I hate cold peanut butter†. One unsatisfactory feature of Faceable Is Its complicated privacy settings. â€Å"Friends of friends† can still view an individual’s page unless he or she specifically changes it, tagged photos can stall De seen Day toners even IT ten user may not want TN s, an I Is extremely easy to view other people’s wall and photo albums if one user posts a picture or link on another users wall whom he or she is already friends with. Faceable is a more mature site than Namespace in the aspect of its site being geared towards college students and people in the business world. Faceable allows it user to be â€Å"straight forward† by posting links and having simple methods of contact, instead of slowing the user down by having musical playbills and such. Another positive feature about Faceable is it being much easier to keep in close contact with friends and family members. This is due to the friend limit Faceable gives to its users. In actuality, both Namespace and Faceable are great social networking sites. Namespace has positive and negative elements as well as Faceable, and they can both be used according to one’s personal reasons for socially networking. Word count: 762 How to cite Myspace vs. Facebook, Papers

Australian Education Growing In University †Myassignmenhelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Australian Education Growing In University? Answer: Introduction Competitive business environment is significant for the business organizations regarding gain the competitive advantage. The main of this marketing plan is to analyse the marketing and competitive environment of the CQ University. Though, different external environment factors are considerable for the University for increasing the global presence towards the different competitors. At the same time, it may create the problem for the University brand while applying the competitive strategy for measuring the academic performance of the students. On the other hand, University analyses the different external factors for evaluating the marketing and environmental analysis like PEST analysis, competitor analysis, segmentation and targeting, SWOT analysis, value and brand positioning, marketing mix strategy, and budget allocation. Consequently, these external factors may help to improve the University performance and environment. Background CQ University is the one of the largest regional University of the Australia, which is situated in the North Rockhampton, Australia. Over more than 35000 students are registered in the University in various programs (CQ University Australia, 2017). Though, University provides more than 300 courses in 25 campuses in more than 20 locations. This indicates the goodwill of the University is strong in the Australian education sector. In doing so, University rejoices the 25 years anniversary as a regional University in the Australia. Moreover, it provides the flexible study environment to their students so that it can improve their learnings and skills. On the other hand, University offers various academic courses like research, graduate, post graduate, and vocational courses. In order to provide better education and training, University amalgamate in 2014 with CQ TAFE. Moreover, University is also focused towards the research activities through collaboration and partnership with the commu nity and industry. In this manner, University achieved an award of Excellence in Research Australia (ERA) in 2015 (CQ University Australia, 2017). Instead of this, University future marketing plan is to conduct the various courses and research activities through distance learning. Market Summary and Demand Analysis of University Marketing plan of CQ University is to enlarge the student skills and knowledge thereby; they can easily face the future global challenges. Similarly, there are different factors, which are increasing the demand of CQ University such as it provides the good learning to their students through the highly experienced tutors (Kassens-Noor, 2016). Concurrently, University supports in different online vocational courses, conduct training programs, and conduct various research activities. Here analyze the market summary and demand estimation of CQ University trend Above diagram depicts the student admission ratio in the CQ University. It shows the ratio of graduate and postgraduate students are continuously rising. It indicates that the enrollment of international and local students may get a rise in the future in different academic programs. Thereby, it helps to increase the market share of the University as well as it raises the opportunity for quality education in the Australia (Braun, et al., 2014). However, University facilitates to provide the good learning environment to their students, which will help to create more demand towards the different programs of University. At the same time, University provides the different research activities, online courses and vocational courses, which will quite helpful to attract more students towards them. Segmentation and Target Market Analysis CQ University is the leading regional University in Australia. In order to increase the academic courses, University should identify the people who have an interest in higher studies. Further, the target market of the University should be domestic and meritorious students. Concerning this, University should conduct the advertisement campaign in their neighbourhood countries so that it can retain and attracts the more students (Hemsley-Brown and Oplatka, 2015). Likewise, University marketing plan is to achieve the target of 50000 students across the global. This can be done through the students studying in the school and other sources. Moreover, Australian education sector is continuously rising. Thus, it can be said that University has sufficient space to spread the information across the Australia. PEST Analysis Over the years, Australian education is raising thereby, many of neighbouring countries students are getting enrolled in the Australian universities. Concerning this, Australian Bureau of Statistics is also indicated that the no of admission is increasing over the period. Although, 14% Australian adults opting the further higher studies. Here use the PEST analysis for the CQ University in terms of analyzing macro environment of the University. Political and Economic factors Large no of international and local students are enrolled in the Australian University due to effective courses, research activities, and training. Political factor is quite effective for the CQ University, because the stability of the government is existing in the Australia, thereby, government is already invested the $200,000,000 amount annually in order to provide quality education to international as well as domestic students. For this, University can easily invest more in academic activities, social activities, and research and innovation activities (Ho, 2014). On the other hand, economic conditions of the Australia and neighbour countries have been improved. High employment rate is quite effective for the University in terms of large quantity of students registered in different courses (Feng and Liu, 2017). For this, students can easily get the higher education through loans. Social and technological Australian people having a high living standard, which demonstrates the level of education is high. Higher education level enables the University to retain more students towards the different courses. Concurrently, high literacy rate would be helpful for the University regarding retain more students (Shabanova, et al., 2015). Concerning this, University grants the permission to their students in terms of making the unity inside the diverse classroom. Despite to this, Australian government invests the large amount in the research and innovation, and technology. This will be helpful for the University to spread the information in different campuses as well as it enhances the skills and knowledge of the tutor and students (Ab Talib, et al., 2014). Similarly, University slowly moves towards the digitalized campus. For this, it switches their different courses through the online gateway. This will significantly increase the students ratio in the University different campuses. Meanwhile, U niversity facilitates to provide the Wi-Fi connectivity to their students and tutors in order to teach in a better way as well improves its productivity at the global level. Competitor Analysis CQ University has effectively provided the learning environment to their students. At the same time, there are different competitors of the CQ University, which provides same courses such as The University of Melbourne, University of Technology Sydney, The University of New South Wales, Victoria University, Western Sydney University, and Australian National University. Despite to this, some global competitors of CQ University is the National University of Malaysia, University of Tokyo, National University of Singapore, and RMIT University. Though, these universities are also competing with each other regarding same courses for gaining more market share in Australia (Fleisher and Bensoussan, 2015). In order to take a competitive advantage, University offers the distance education and research courses through online to their students, which can be helpful to increase the University feasibility (Hollensen, 2015). Similarly, highly qualified and globally staff would be helpful to increase the University presence in the different subject field like natural science, social science, media and communication, engineering and so on. Moreover, University also enjoys the competitive advantage through effective research activities. In the current environment, students of University are satisfied with different running courses. Though, University more focuses towards the social innovations, students empowering, which strengthens the students skill and knowledge. Thus, there are some other competitive factors of the University are learning environment, tutor support, effective R D activities, and good corporate governance (Luxton, et al., 2015). CQ University is also tie up with different u niversities and industry so as to fulfil the required skills. This can be helpful to increase the students employability. Apart from this, the aim of the Australian Universities is to overcome any issues, which may impact on the student academic performances and college campuses. Likewise, Competitors aims to provide every type of academic support and guidance to their students. The objective of the every University is to become the largest Australian University as well as to become the role model of other global universities. On the other hand, promotional marketing of the Universities is to promote the different courses through social media network and other promotional tools, which can be helpful to increase the University presence towards more people (Hubbard, et al., 2014). SWOT Analysis Here analyzes the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat of the CQ University as follows: SWOT Analysis of CQ University Strength (S) Weakness (W) High goodwill of the University Provide more than 300 courses on 25 campuses Award of Excellence in Research Australia (ERA) Tutors support in academic Harder to implement changes in different campuses at the same time (Bull, et al., 2016). Large competitors regarding same courses Different location creates the problem while implementing any new changes Opportunity (O) Threats (T) Australian government support the higher studies Local schools students may create the opportunity for the University in terms of retaining more students. University may face the problem related how student obtain visas for higher studies Fear of losing academic faculty due to a good opportunity (Mackay, et al., 2016). Value and Brand Positioning CQ University is one of the largest Australian regional universities, which has created its own brand image across the Australia. Though, there are different factors, which are created the value for the University such as tutors support, quality education, learning environment, effective research and innovation, and more than 300 programs (Gengler and Mulvey, 2017). Similarly, University strengthens the skills and capabilities of the students through providing effective teaching methods and training. In terms of value, University has five values, which underpins the students and staff regarding participation in different campus activities. For this, University design the effective study culture, which creates the develop opportunities for the students. Likewise, effective values enable the University to maintain the good relationship with its stakeholders (Sirianni, et al., 2013). CQ University should participate at a global level in terms of research activities in such a way that it presents good track record. Moreover, it should create the buzz towards its different courses so as to raise its marketing. In context brand positioning, University must create the positive learning environment in such a way that student can easily learn multiple things and raise its skills through other activities. As a result, it can be helpful to improve the quality education and productivity of University, which may positive impacts on the University brand positioning (Khanna, et al., 2014). Further, CQ University increases the employability and capability of their students through collaboration with different colleges and universities. Thus, above values are significant to raise the brand positioning of the University. Though, effective research innovations and ideas have also generated the values for the community. This can be positive impacts on the brand position of the University. Proposed Marketing Aim and Promotional Objectives for 2018 with Justification In the current education era in the Australia, the aim of the CQ University is to facilitate to offer the specialize education and conduct various training programs for enhancing the academic performances and students employability. Simultaneously, University has also an aim to coordinate with different sponsorship activities and its suitability, which will be helpful for the students regarding facing the global challenges (Eteokleous, et al., 2016). Moreover, University plan will align the high education programs and conduct the research seminars so as to improve the practical skills of the students. Likewise its plan is to invest the huge amount on extracurricular activities, which helps to raise the sustainability of the University. On the other hand, promotional objectives of the University for 2018 are to spread the academic excellence of the University of the Australia. Concurrently, the future promotional objective of the CQ University is to attract the international students towards the different academic courses. Another promotional objective is to build up the corporate image of the University around the world so that more students will enrol. University also reflects his promotional strategy by effectively using the social media (Stelnicki, et al., 2015). This can be helpful for the CQU in terms of his effectively academic excellence. Marketing Mix Strategies CQ University is largely based on the traditional approach, it has a large no of Face book followers. Concerning this, approx 62890 followers like the University page on Face book, which has a positive impact on the more people. Marketing mix strategy is significant for the companies while promoting the new products. There are different types of marketing mix strategy that can be used by the CQ University like price, place, promotion, and product (Huang and Sarigll, 2014). For this, product shows the different academic courses, which are offered by the University is like graduate, vocational courses, post graduate, PhD Courses, and research. However, pricing strategy of the University is different as per the local and international students. At the same time, University is also fixed the process of different courses through different aptitude exams like GRE, SAT, and GMAT. Further, there are different promotional tools that can be used by the University while promoting the different courses such as a magazine, email, WebPages, Uninews, newspaper, Facebook, online ads, yellow pages, banners and leaflets, and digital signage (Fan, et al., 2015). Thus, these tools are effective to enhance the brand image of the University towards the more people. Similarly, above tools are also helpful to retain more international students in respect of the different academic courses. Along with this, University especially uses the social media for images, which can be helpful to reach out to more students. Further, University is located at North Rockhampton and its main aim is to provide the effective learning to their students in open environment. Thereby, University provides the online platform to their students for registering its name in different academic courses (Armstrong, et al., 2014). As a result, this strategy is effective for the University while promoting the new academic courses. In terms of future marketing strategy, University should take participate in special fairs and college associations, which can be helpful for the students to getting learn more things in the future. Competitive strategy Competitive strategy helps the organization to gain the competitive advantage. There are a different competitive strategy that can be used by the CQ University such as cost leadership, cost focus, differentiation leadership, and differentiation focus. Therefore, CQ University is used the differentiation strategy, because it helps to target the international and domestic students towards the academic excellence and different more than 300 academic courses. Along with this, it offers the different quality programs and vocational courses, which is significant to strengthen the competitive edge of the University (Santandreu, et al., 2015). This strategy creates the value for the University thereby; student gets attract more and enrolled them. Media and Budget Allocation The following table summarises the media and budget allocation of the CQ University Media and Budget Allocation for 2018 Particulars Amount ($) Advertisement in newspaper 2500 Advertisement in TV 8000 Advertisement in outdoor media 4000 Social media marketing 1700 Collaboration with industry and Universities 5600 Sponsorship of Events 10200 Others 8000 Total $40000 Above table depicts that the media and budget allocation of the CQ University. This indicates the CQ University make the investment plan for future with the help of different media, it means it invest the $40000 in different academic and research activities in 2018. This can be helpful to raise the University presence at the global level (Zhang, et al., 2016). Consequently, it will be quite helpful for the university in terms of more students enrolled in different academic courses. BCG Matrix Here analyses the current position of the CQ University through BCG Matrix Above diagram shows the four quadrants of the BCG matrix, this indicates that the CQ University offers the various academic and vocational courses, which comes from the cash cow quadrant. Because of this, University has low growth as compared to other top Universities in Australia. Meanwhile, the market share of the university is high. Though, it has the opportunity to grab the star through effective strategy related to providing the effective student's solutions (Shanbhag, et al., 2016). Conclusion On the basis of above analysis, it can be examined that the CQ University is leading the regional University of the Australia. It can be analyzed that the more than 35000 students are enrolled in the different courses in 25+ campuses. Simultaneously, tutor support and effective courses would be helpful for the University in terms of attracting more students. It has also analyzed that the marketing mix strategy improves the University growth. Further, all external factors are quite effective for the University in terms of proving quality education as well as retain large students. University gains the competitive advantage through differentiation strategy. University constantly focuses towards the student learnings and employability, which may help to increase the brand image of University at the global level. However, it allocates the fixed budget of $40000 for 2018 in terms of more feasibility of University courses and its excellence. Concurrently, values of University are quite hel pful to maximise the brand positioning. References Ab Talib, M. S., Hamid, A. B. A., Zulfakar, M. H., Jeeva, A. S. (2014). Halal logistics PEST analysis: the Malaysia perspectives.Asian Social Science,10(14), pp.119. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P. (2014).Principles of marketing. Australia: Pearson. Braun, S., Dwenger, N., Kbler, D., Westkamp, A. (2014). Implementing quotas in university admissions: An experimental analysis.Games and Economic Behavior,85, pp.232-251. Bull, J. W., Jobstvogt, N., Bhnke-Henrichs, A., Mascarenhas, A., Sitas, N., Baulcomb, C. Carter-Silk, E. (2016). Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats: A SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework.Ecosystem services,17, pp.99-111. CQ University Australia (2017). About Us. Retrieved from: https://www.cqu.edu.au/about-us CQ University Australia (2017). About Us. Retrieved from: https://www.cqu.edu.au/about-us/about-cquniversity Eteokleous, P. P., Katsikeas, C. S., Leonidou, L. C. (2016). Review of Research on CSR in International Marketing: 19932013. InLets Get Engaged! Crossing the Threshold of Marketings Engagement Era,pp. 683-684. Fan, S., Lau, R. Y., Zhao, J. L. (2015). Demystifying big data analytics for business intelligence through the lens of marketing mix.Big Data Research,2(1), pp.28-32. Feng, J., Liu, C. (2017). Strategy for Developing Cold Chain Logistics in Zhengzhou Air Harbor Comprehensive Economic Experimentation Zone Based on PEST Analysis. InMATEC Web of Conferences,100, pp. 05048. Fleisher, C. S., Bensoussan, B. E. (2015).Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods. USA: FT Press. Gengler, C. E., Mulvey, M. S. (2017). Planning pre-launch positioning: Segmentation via willingness-to-pay and means-end brand differentiators.Journal of Brand Management, pp.1-20. Hemsley-Brown, J., Oplatka, I. (2015). University choice: what do we know, what dont we know and what do we still need to find out?.International Journal of Educational Management,29(3), pp.254-274. Ho, J. K. K. (2014). Formulation of a systemic PEST analysis for strategic analysis.European academic research,2(5), pp.6478-6492. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Australia: Pearson Education. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors, pp. 113-132. Hubbard, G., Rice, J., Galvin, P. (2014).Strategic management. Australia: Pearson. Kassens-Noor, E. (2016). Flip, move, tweet: a blended course design for different learning environments in urban planning, sustainability, and climate change university courses.International Journal for Scholarship of Technology Enhanced Learning,1(1). Khanna, M., Jacob, I., Yadav, N. (2014). Identifying and analyzing touchpoints for building a higher education brand.Journal of Marketing for Higher Education,24(1), pp.122-143. Luxton, S., Reid, M., Mavondo, F. (2015). Integrated marketing communication capability and brand performance.Journal of Advertising,44(1), pp.37-46. Mackay, M., Joyce-McCoach, J., Stephens, M., Cutler, N., Brown, R., Fernandez, R. Traynor, V. (2016). Review of transnational nursing education programme curricula: process, findings, and recommendations.Nurse education today,42, pp.73-77. Santandreu, J. R., Shurden, M. C., Chambers, T. (2015). STUDENT INTERACTION IN A TEACHING/LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: POTENTIAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR DIFFERENTIATION.ASBBS Proceedings,22(1), pp.357. Shabanova, L. B., Ismagilova, G. N., Salimov, L. N., Akhmadeev, M. G. (2015). PEST-Analysis and SWOT-Analysis as the most important tools to strengthen the competitive advantages of commercial enterprises.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,6(3), pp.705. Shanbhag, M., Dutt, M. L., Bagwe, S. (2016). Strategic Talent Management: A Conceptual Analysis of BCG Model.Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research,2(7). Sirianni, N. J., Bitner, M. J., Brown, S. W., Mandel, N. (2013). Branded service encounters: Strategically aligning employee behavior with the brand positioning.Journal of Marketing,77(6), pp.108-123. Stelnicki, A. M., Nordstokke, D. W., Saklofske, D. H. (2015). Who is the successful university student? An analysis of personal resources.The Canadian Journal of Higher Education,45(2), pp.214. Zhang, B. L., Qian, Z. Z., Li, W. Z., Tang, B., Lu, S. L., Fu, X. (2016). Budget Allocation for Maximizing Viral Advertising in Social Networks.Journal of Computer Science and Technology,31(4), pp.759-775.

Case Study Analysis Leading and Managing Change

Critical Analysis of the Theory on Managing and Leading Change with Regard to the Case Living in the period of significant organizational change implies understanding and adopting new management styles that are flexible, open, and decentralized. However, the main obstacle to change is inability and reluctance of employees to embrace the benefits of the shifts that occur to organizations at all levels of management.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Case Study Analysis: Leading and Managing Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Anchor alternative approaches to shaping culture contribute empowering organization’s competitiveness and promote new strategies for organization’s success (Burke 2010). The case of AEGON proves the managing and leading change should be reviewed from the perspective of organizational development. In particular, the managerial staff should focus on three dimensions. The fi rst activity of leading change involves adequate distribution of responsibilities and duties, including freedom to improvise and communicate. Second, a wide range of low-cost probes should be encouraged to explore future opportunities and adjust to changes (Cummings and Worley 2009). Finally, the managers should be able to drawn the link between current projects and future challenges. Cummings and Worley (2009) suggest that that effective change management should be premised on five aspects that include motivating change, developing political support, creating a vision, managing the transition, and sustaining momentum. Each activity should be taken into the deepest consideration because they promote new skills, experiences, and competencies among the employees, as well as reinforces new behavioral patterns required to introduce changes (Scott and Jaffe 1995). In addition, due to the fact that AEGON focuses on development of a new culture and reinforcement of financial resources, int roducing a five-dimensions mode is efficient for enhancing employees’ skills and readiness to adjust to a constantly changing environment. Managing change implies transition from local management to global-scale activities which allow managers to introduce new way of thinking in an organization (Burke 2010). In this respect, the company’s change approach is closely associated with Lewin’s change theory, which is based on three stages of successful transformation: unfreezing, movement, and refreezing (Simms n. d.).Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hence, the process of unfreezing implies â€Å"†¦destablishing the present balance of forces that give the organization or business its stability† (Simms, n. d., 124). This initial step is the most challengeable one because it requires the managers to highlight and eliminate the existing dissatis faction through introducing additional tools for change, including schedules, new personnel, or budget constraints. The second phase implies shifts from the unbalanced system to the introduction of new paradigms at all levels of administration. The process involves creating new behavioral patterns and developing new rewarding system. At this stage, a different management style is also indispensible. In this respect, AEGON focuses on combining local expertise and global practices. Organizational Changes at AEGON and Its Usefulness for Company’s Success As it has been mentioned briefly, AEGON has decided to introduce new patterns of development and change that can enhance the organization’s competitiveness and produce new mechanisms responding to the challenges of the external environment. In particular, the company paid attention to the reposition of Scottish Equitable brand to gain trust of consumers and enhance the company’s reputation at the international leve l. Second, the appointment of the audit committee encouraged the company to define internal and external challenges for the organization. In such a manner, AEGON managed to ensure an informed and transparent approach to the decisions that should be made to set up the change process (Paton and McCalman 2008). The committee also underlined that the organization had solid positions at the market due to staff’s considerable expertise, high-level communication, and innovation. The external activities helped the company to define its competitive capabilities. The analysis of internal and external perspectives has promoted the manager’s understanding of existing gaps and pitfalls should be considered. Finally, the organization appointed a new chief executive officer whose primary responsibility was to carry out a discovery stage. The main objective of this phase was to introduce long-term savings and security plan in the United Kingdom. While implementing this change, the org anization focused on the current and future potential of the business development to define what should be done to overcome challenges. All the above-introduced reforms have contributed greatly to the organizational development and competitiveness, as well as to the definition of new prospects in future business activities at a global level. An overwhelming, multi-level approach, therefore, is a consistent plan that can motivate employees and instruct them to accept changes.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Case Study Analysis: Leading and Managing Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Triggers and Rationale for Change in AEGON There is a variety of underpinnings for organizational change, among which the external factors constitute a priority. Specific attention should be given to globalization of markets and business, which makes organizations accommodate competitive constraints in the domestic market as well (Dawson 2003). Advances in technology and organizational expansion are also among the major incentives for change within an organization because they require reevaluation of organization’s complexity and development of relevant coordinative mechanisms (Dawson 2003). Apart from external triggers, the organization should also encounter internal constraints to leading change successfully (Senior and Swalies 2010). This is of particular concern to such aspects as task prioritization, technology implementation, efficient human resource management through multi-task activities, and restructure of administrative hierarchy. All these issues have been considered by AEGON’s manager to promote efficient change management among the employees. The emphasis has been placed on the analysis of global trends in the market competition, as well as the evaluation of the existing potential of the organization in the United Kingdom and outside it. In addition, the company should also take environmental issues into consideration while developing budgeting schedule and allocating financial resources. Leadership change is another important perspective that should be presented within the context of organizational development (Mills et al. 2009). In this respect, the analysis of AEGON’s strategies has revealed that the importance and usefulness of change management was extremely high because this perspective has become the premise for further successful advancement of organizational values, mission, and goals. In this respect, Mills et al. (2009, p. 4) have noted, â€Å"†¦organizational change can be defined as an alteration of a core aspect of an organization†. Such aspects involve personnel, leadership, culture, technology, and goal of an organization. Within these perspectives, the company has managed to consider the majority of them, except for technology innovation.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Actions of Top Management With Respect to Implemented Change Strategies and Their Impact on the Organization The managerial staff of an organization should be able to face difficulties and introduce changes in a timely manner. Their task is to accurately predict possible problems related to the old-fashioned mechanism of responding to external competition, as well as meeting consumer demands. Therefore, close assessment of employees’ psychological profiles, their social and cultural backgrounds, provides a fresh insight into how an organizational climate could be improved (Arrendondon 1996). As soon as the managers provide a full evaluation of employees’ needs, they will be able to enhance the quality of services and good delivered to consumers. Development of beneficial social schemes should also be implemented to deliver a good base for further promotion of values and behaviors. Due to the fact that the organization attempt to promote their business activities to a g lobal level, the focus should be on defining the main cultural diversity issues. In this respect, Handlechner (2008, p. 4), â€Å"diversity should be seen as merely a replacement for the old equal opportunity policy: it must be a corporate value, an integral part of business strategy†. At this point, workplace equality, irrespective of gender, nation, and race, should be ensured. Apart from equal opportunities, diversity management could be seen in a broader sense for senior managers to assess each individual’s needs, beliefs, and attitudes. As soon as the organization realizes its human resource potential, it will be able to provide reactive and proactive measures to the change process. The success of change implementation depends largely on the readiness of employees to change their attitudes toward organization’s strategies. Because attitudes create a strong emotional basis of interpersonal relations, they are indispensible to determining and predicting futur e behavior that is connected with motivation, perception, and personality (Sims 2002). In this respect, AEGON’s committee of senior managers has developed as set of ethical and moral standard in compliance with organization’s mission and statement to foster global integration an reduce the pressure of competition. According to Mullins (2007, p. 124), â€Å"sensitivity to individual needs and differences, especially in term of their resilience becomes significant when organizations embark on change initiatives†. The top management of AEGON has succeeded in developing appropriate modes for employees to make them realize the importance of changes. Importance of Change Management Companies that resist changes contradict the adequate cycle of organizational development. Indeed, organizational change results in constant improvement and positive transformation ensuring a competitive advantage over other companies. In this respect, Yaeger and Sorensen (2009) approve the concept of positive change in the context of appreciative inquiry that is successful while dealing global and international issues. In particular, the positive change addresses â€Å"†¦such issues as convergence versus divergence in national cultures, or whether the world is becoming more or less diverse† (Yaeger and Sorensen 2009, p. 5). In addition, human values that pertain to employees’ experience and are practiced across many cultures. Exchange of experience is an important condition for promoting organizational success because it contributes to the development of rich organizational culture and endowing employees with new incentives. Competition within an organization is vital for enhancing employees’ capacity to compete with external business rivals. Therefore, change is a multi-dimensional process covering all areas and levels of management and ensuring constant growth and advancement. Its major focus should be made on enhancing organizational cult ure, developing new technological base, and analyzing the external environment. Financial issues should also be taken into consideration because they serve as foundational tools for shaping new objectives and distributing new responsibilities. Prioritization of tasks and duties among employees is another important strategy that is implemented within the context of change management. Finally, leadership skills should also be premised on advancement of experiences and abilities that are necessary for introducing transformation. Shifts in leadership styles and a person-centered approach is important for developing successful organization. References Arrendondon, P 1996, Successful Diversity Management Initiatives: A Blueprint for Planning and Implementation, SAGE,US. Burke, WW 2010, Organization Change: Theory and Practice. SAGE, US. Cummings, TG, and Worley, WG 2009, Organization Development Change. Cengage Learning, New York. Dawson, P 2003, Understanding Organizational Change: The Contemporary Experience of People at Work, SAGE, US. Handlechner, M 2008, Managing Cultural Diversity and How to Manage it Within an Organization. GRIN Verlag, Germany. Mills, HJ, Dye, K, and Mills, AJ 2009, Understanding Organizational Change. Taylor Francis, US. Mullins, LJ 2007, Management and Organizational Behavior, Pearson Education, New York. Paton, R and McCalman, J 2008, Change Management: A Guide to Effective Implementation. SAGE, US. Scott, CD, and Jaffe, DT, 1995, Managing Change at Work: Leading People through Organizational Transitions. Cengage Learning, New York. Senior, B, and Swalies, S 2010, Organizational Change, Pearson Education, New York. Simms, H n. d., Organizational Behavior and Change Management. Select Knowledge Limited, US. Sims, RR 2002, Managing Organizational Behavior. Greenwood Publishing Group, US. Yaeger, TF, and Sorensen, PF 2009, Strategic Organization Development : Managing Change for Success, IAP, US. This case study on Case Study Analysis: Leading and Managing Change was written and submitted by user Senator Bail to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Investigation of UK Supermarkets

Investigation of UK Supermarkets Introduction A supermarket is a large self service retail outlet that deals with the sale of groceries. However, this definition is just a general overview. This is for the reason that modern supermarkets include a huge ultramodern building that provides packaging services to their shoppers. Currently, supermarkets are not only restricted to selling groceries. Many large supermarkets also sell other products, such as, electronics, clothing, and furniture. A more advanced version of supermarkets is the hypermarkets.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Investigation of UK Supermarkets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are so many supermarkets in the United Kingdom today. Their emergence and rapid growth was experienced during the period between the First World War and the Second World War. There are many factors that influenced their growth in the United Kingdom’s supermarkets. These factors include the favour able legislature and a preference of consumers that acted in favour of their growth. The legislatures have passed through a series of adjustments to respond to the consumer needs. One of the main aims of these regulations was to support the growth of larger self-service retail outlets while at the same time ensuring that the small retail counter-service stores retain their role in the newly structured retail market. However, these legislatures have not been quite effective in some of their policies for the reason that despite their enforcement, the growth of large self-service retail stores has continued to strangle the smaller retail outlets from the retail market. T hus, Britain’s high streets have continued to be dominated with large faceless retail stores making the small retail stores to diminish in the market. It is quiet correct to say that the UK supermarkets have continued to dominate the grocery market and are very powerful in the way that they run their businesses, and the number of local convenience stores has also continued to decline. The Retail Landscape Of 1955 The modern debates about the retail outlets are mainly influenced by the past retail landscape. The recent research done by the ‘Clone Town Britain Survey’ has been able to reveal that during the 1950s, the retail spaces were filled with a prosperous complex of independent small retail outlets such as butchers, food chains, greengrocers, stationery shops, and news paper agents. Currently, these spaces have been taken up by large supermarket retailers that are rapidly killing the small shops (Maxwell Slater 2004). In the late twentieth century there has been a rigorous retail change in British cities. This change includes the transformation from British high streets that had independent shops together with those shops owned by multiple co-operative retail organizations into the contemporary British high streets that have ultra modern superstores. It was during the lat e twentieth century that the counter-service groceries began to seriously compete with the modern self service retail outlets currently known as supermarkets.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the available records, supermarkets were heralded by multiple chains owned by co-operative retail organizations. The economic implications of the co-operative retailing modelling were that it led to the growth of the business thereby causing its expansion in the retail landscape. In the period between the first and the second world wars, the companies that had multiple grocery shops experienced a booming business due to the increased purchasing power of the employed citizens. The increased presence of cheap food also contributed to the booming business experienced by the multiple chains during this period. One thing worth noting is that the small shops owned by in dependent retailers in the mid twentieth century were not necessarily synonymous with the size as described. This is because some of the retailers had large shops that would, sometimes, be the most significant store in a particular locality. The idea of the supermarkets experienced its rapid assimilation in the United States of America during the early twentieth century. However, when it was introduced in Britain, it came less rapidly with the first supermarket being operated by the co-operative movement as a self service food experiment. This was during the period when the Second World War was just ending (that was during the mid 1940s). Very few grocers emulated the trend thereby contributing to the slow process of the growth of self service outlets. It is therefore estimated that in the year 1947, there were a mere 10 supermarkets in the whole of the United Kingdom. There are many reasons why the growth of self service stores was slow in Britain. Notable among them was the amount of resources needed to convert counter-service outlets into self-service retail outlets. A lot of building materials and human resource in the construction industry was required. It should be noted that both of these requirements were short in supply. For that reason, very few companies were able to afford to convert their stores. The second reason was because the shops were limited by their sizes. Some of the shops were so small thereby could not be converted into larger supermarkets. The only option the retail owners were left with was to begin building from the scratch. Otherwise, their conversion would only result into small scale self-service stores, not big enough to be called supermarkets. There were some large-scale multiple stores that had embraced this change but due to doubts, they did not expect successful results. Many studies had been done and the most notable conclusion of the analysis was that since the majority of Britons had been accustomed to small scale counter- service, it would not be feasible to imagine them wondering along the aisles of the self service stores in search for goods.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Investigation of UK Supermarkets specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was until the mid twentieth century that the self-service stores gained momentum in growth. The main effects of this rapid growth were positively imparting. Many supermarkets developed as a result of these factors coupled with the government’s promotion of self-service retail stores. In addition, some elements of the retail grocery counter-service stores were also keen in developing self-service stores. As a result, Britain managed to open a total of fifty supermarkets by the year 1950. The trends continued and by the year 1961 the number of supermarkets had risen to 572. Reports indicate that in the year 1969, there were already 3,400 supermarkets in the whole of Britain. Legal Framewo rk and Economic Structures That Have Enabled the Domination of Supermarkets in the United Kingdom The legal framework in the United Kingdom is one that allows free market capitalism. Thus, the U.K. supermarkets are free to follow the principles of supply and demand. This means that they do provide the goods that the customers want while at the same time free to set the prices of the same goods. This liberty is provided for by the UK’s legal framework and hence it is legitimate for them to lay down prices as per their requirements. Hence, they also have bargaining power whereby they can pay their suppliers according to what they want. The level playing field brought about by the legal framework of the United Kingdom also ensures that there is healthy competition. However, the discrepancies caused by this legal framework have not been supportive enough to the small businesses. Small retailers have therefore been squeezed by the larger self-service businesses thereby causing the m to have less for them to buy since they have weaker purchasing power. This mechanism works in such a way that the supermarkets enter into a contract with major suppliers in which their agreements bind the suppliers not to supply anyone else with the goods. The effect of this legal framework also affects the small shops in such a way that the preference of most consumers in buying many goods under one roof reduces the viability of the small shops. The Role of Large Growing Supermarkets to Consumers Policy makers have been involved in enacting legislation that aim at tightening regulations of supermarket retailing. This has been capacitated through competition legislation coupled with town planning. The rapid growth of large supermarkets has been viewed in a different perception by the communities. There has been a lot of debate on the effects of the rapid growth of large supermarkets. Many people have perceived this growth as a factor that has led to the decay of major business str eets in the cities. Many investigations have been launched to look into the issue of building large out-of-town supermarkets and their contribution to the decay of high streets. A good example of such investigations is the 2005 study done by the ‘Clone Town Britain Survey’ (Hamlett et al Not Dated).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The report of this study criticized contemporary British retail industry on many issues. The bone of contention is that the modern UK retail outlets have dominated Britain’s high streets in many towns. The effect of the domination is that the faceless chains have led to the reduction in the amount of choices available to consumers. The effects of reduction in small retail shops and the increase in large supermarkets were also analyzed by ‘The High Street Britain 2015† report. The report that was done by the House of Commons Select Committee argued that the extinction of the small shops by the growth of large supermarket chains will adversely affect consumer choice. This will happen if the government doesn’t take necessary measures to avert the process. The act of enacting necessary legislature to regulate and bring a state of equilibrium between growing supermarket chains and diminishing small retail outlets is therefore left in the hands of policy makers. This situation holds because the retail business in Britain has passed through tremendous changes from counter service-shops to large retail outlets that allow for self service. It is worth noting that consumers in Britain have been rapidly embracing self service methods of shopping over the past 20 years. The issue of consumer choice also form the central pivot on which the contemporary debates hinge. Consumer choice is perceived as a moving force to a healthy competition and also it indicates the basic civil rights. It is thus perceived that the diminishing of the small retail outlets will have a catastrophic impact on the aspect of consumer choice in the future. A careful analysis indicates that the party that will be affected negatively is the consumer. To exemplify this, there will be limited brands to chose from, limited choice of available items, limited choice of places to shop, increased prices of available products and a reduction in the quality and availability of custome r care services. According to ‘The High Street Britain 2015’ survey, the consumers are unlikely to benefit from a competitive market in the future. This is because the current competition is not stable and therefore may not be sustained in the long run. Similar researches have also highlighted the importance of consumption in relation to social aspects (Hamlett et al Not Dated). It is thus imperative for policy makers to consider exploring the benefit of the history of self-service retail stores to post war Britain. Benefits of Modern Technological Input in Supermarkets to Consumers Modern technologies have been employed in supermarkets to improve efficiency and quality of services. One of the most notable is a loyalty card. This is a card made of plastic or paper issued by particular organizations, be it business or social organizations or otherwise, to identify the holder as having a legitimacy of membership to a loyalty program. It is usually similar to a debit card or a credit card although this is only on the physical visualization. Its name varies from country to country. Loyalty cards are employed by consumers as a show of their identification (as loyal clients) in a given supermarket; this will assure the shopper of a discount on the existing purchase or an incentive of points that can be used to pay for goods in the future after accumulating to specified levels. The other benefit of loyalty cards is that it assures the customers that they will get great services of high quality. This is because the business organization knows that the loyal customers holding the loyalty cards will give them good business. Customers receive discounts from the products they purchase and can also purchase the goods by redeeming the points (Dahlen, Lange Smith 2010). Protection of Consumers by the Law The competitive free market allows for the consumer to respond to a disappointing purchase by switching to another supplier. In such an environment, the law do es not have a role to play. Currently, most contracts protect the consumer expectation arising through bargaining process (Howells and Weatherill 2005). The law gives a provision that acts to ensure that consumer preference is securely enforced. In the United Kingdom, the law that seeks to protect consumers usually operates beyond the realm of obligations agreed between the producer and consumer. The individual consumer’s legal rights offer a more first hand protection of their demands than the more indirect and greatly oblique sanction of commercial failure caused by withdrawal of custom. Failure to conform to the contract between the consumer and the retailer will result in legal liability. This protects the consumer and sharpens the message to the producer about the need to use resources in an efficient manner. In addition, there is also the private law that gives the consumer autonomy to act in the belief that they hold rights protected by law that can be asserted without the need to rely on an intermediary. The current market practice relies on the assumption that private economic relations involve the possibility of receiving some kind of support from the government. The support is believed to come in form of provision for enforcement of private law rights. It should be noted that the consumer/supplier relationship under the current private law assimilates more than a simple agreement. Both the courts and the parliament have extended the legal implications of the consumer/supplier relationships, and over the last twenty years this trend has been promoted and underpinned by legislative activity in the country (Howells and Weatherill 2005). Ways of Improving Competition between Supermarkets There are a number of ways that can be used to improve competition in the supermarket grocery stores. Many methods relate to the mechanics of inflow and outflow of products sold in these grocery stores. Among the methods includes the maintenance of optimal produc t availability. Recent studies have indicated that 8.2 percent of a grocery retailer’s items are out of stock on a typical afternoon. Frequent stock outs and restricted variety of products are among the major factors that cause consumer dissatisfaction among supermarket shoppers (Matsa 2009). Therefore, supermarkets should enhance product availability so that healthy competition is ensured. This will also enhance the consumer’s future shopping behaviour. The structure of retail competition is correlated with the quality of supermarkets. Stores that face healthy competition usually have higher rates of stock outs than other stores. It is worth noting that an increase in prices of commodity increases the quality and availability of products on supermarket shelves. This is because the increased prices act as an incentive to improve on the quality and quantity as well. Other methods of competition include developing new products, improving existing products, changing their prices, developing new packaging and design, improving customer service and building up a new reputation (Seliet 2000). Supermarkets ought to be responsive to personal needs, customer attitudes, tastes and preferences, economic conditions, the climate, supplier attitudes, the prevailing legislature, fashion and technology. These factors will aid in the development of new products thus bringing into the market an unrestricted variety of products. Thus, a healthy competition will be enhanced. Customer services should also be improved such that retail outlets ensure that the customer is satisfied with their products. Changing the prices of commodities can make a retail outlet win a massive share of the market by attracting more customers which results in making of more profits thereby competing with rival businesses (Seliet 2000). Conclusion In conclusion, supermarkets in the United Kingdom rapidly developed during the period between the two wars. This is because the idea of large sel f-service retail stores developed less rapidly in the United Kingdom than in the United States. It was only until the 1950s that the smaller counter service stores found themselves competing with the larger self service stores. The government of Britain recognized the importance of supermarkets in economic development and thus, began to enact legislature in support of their growth. Although these laws have been moderated in favour of the consumers, the self-service retail outlets and the small scale retail services, the small scale retail outlets have continued to diminish from the British markets especially along Britain’s high streets. Reference List Dahlen, M., Lange, F., Smith, T., 2010. Marketing Communications: A Brand Narrative Approach. West Sussex, John Wiley Sons Ltd. Hamlett, J. et al., Not Dated. Regulating UK Supermarkets: An Oral-History Perspective. [Online] Available at:  historyandpolicy.org/policy-papers/papers/regulating-uk-supermarkets-an-oral-history- perspective . Howells, G., Weatherill, S., 2005. Consumer Protection Law. Ed. 2. Burlington, USA, Ashgate Publishing Company. Matsa, D., 2009. Competition and Product Quality in the Supermarket Industry. Northwestern University, Kellogg School of Management. Maxwell, S., Slater, R., 2004. Food Policy: Old and New. Oxford United Kingdom, Blackwell Publishing. Seliet, H., 2000. Foundation Business. Oxford, Heinemann Education Publishers.

Learning English as an Additional Language Essay

Learning English as an Additional Language - Essay Example Effective ways of supporting learning in Science for children are a decisive means to an important end, which is children learning science. The following are the principles that aid strategies that support learning in science for children. The first principle is to accept measures of responsibility for the children if they struggle and/or fail to learn science. The level of responsibility accepted depends on the children’s degree of effort to learn. If children and teachers equally participate and contribute in the learning, it is the teacher who is responsible when children come across difficulties. Also, the teacher should be capable in modifying instructions so as to assist struggling and failing children improve. The practical strategy listed below explains precise articulations of the beliefs and dispositions of effective application of strategies that support learning in science for children. For some principles, their feasible applications enumerate actions for effectiv e theory and practice of strategies that support learning in science for children. Teachers who view this as the main goal and support the practice of various strategies as a purposeful means help all children learn (Ammon, 2006). ...  Believe that all children can and will learn. Create a challenging, but not- intimidating science learning atmosphere. Commit to the learning and academic growth of all children. Picture yourself as able, dependable and positive. Believe that one can practice strategies that support learning in science for children efficiently, and that effective teaching will guide positive learning outcomes. Core scientific ideas Teachers have long taught children science as a sequence of lessons, and reading assignments on its body of knowledge. If practical experiment activities are included, they focus only on the development of practical skills and techniques, not on understanding scientific ideas through questions. Such practice of a strategy in learning scie nce falls short of preparing children for higher learning. Nowadays, children live in a world full of things of scientific inquiry. When children complete their formal learning, they will go into an environment crammed with products that will be as a result of scientific inquiry. Today’s children must learn how to do scientific inquiry and use this information to take actions that will impact in their growth and their future. To prepare children to live and be prepared for advanced learning in science, teachers are required to make room for scientific inquiry by reducing the emphasis on teaching science as a sequence of teaching and reading assignments on scientific knowledge. In addition, teachers must to a great extent reduce their coverage of non-essential scientific knowledge.